Crémant the Other French Sparkling Wine
April 16, 2008
Is cremant another type of French Sparlking Wine or is it something completely different? - Joice in Manchester, NH
Well, you pretty much have it right. Crémant which is pronounced “cray-mawn” is a sparkling wine that is produced outside of Champagne. This interesting term was originally created to define sparkling wines with a pressure that is lower than 2.5 bar v.s. Champagne which has a pressure of 2.5 to 3.5 bar. Basically what this means is that crémants aren’t as bubbly as Champagnes.
It is possible that crémants can be made from grapes other than the traditional Champagne varieties. Also, the grapes for this type of sparkling wine have to be harvested by hand and the yields can not go beyond the set amount for their AOC which is the appellation d’origine contrôlée. On top of all that the wine has to age for at least one year.
I’ve enjoyed a few bottles on occasion and I suggest that you do as well but don’t get too hammered. Cheers!!
Pigeage
March 18, 2008
Does pigeage still exist today as a way of getting the juice out of wine? - Jonas in Asheville, NC
Pigeage is a term for the traditional stomping of grapes in open fermentation tanks. This was practiced long ago and there are even ancient sites still around where you find stone pits that were hewn from the ground for this very purpose.
And yes for small scale wine making, the grapes are sometimes crushed by pigeage where the vintner uses their feet like a homemade wine press. But with the advent of mechanical pressers, these are used instead to mass produce wine on a very large scale and to increase their overall output of wine per ton.
Even so, pressing is not always a necessary act of wine making. If the grapes can be crushed by pigeage, the vintner is able to acquire a considerable amount of juice which is called free-run juice. Typically this free-run juice is of a higher quality than what you would normally find with press juice.
But what a fun way to make a few bottles with your friends just by hoping around in a bucket and stomping away. Hopefully for your sake you, you and your friends have clean-uninfected feet. Cheers!!
Lead in Wine?
March 17, 2008
Is lead in wine something I should really consider or is it just media hype and paranoia? - Justin in Rochester, MN
One concern has been with very expensive decanters that are made from crystal that some of these do contain a tiny amount of lead because it makes the glass very clear. Research has shown that if you use these types of crystal to store wine or liquor over a long period of months that the alcohol may leach a discernible amount of lead into the contents.
However, the amounts are marginal. But you have to consider that since lead can cause brain damage, it is definitely worth being cautious. Talk about being a hardcore wino, so much that you are willing to risk brain damage to get your kicks. Now if you are still willing to use a crystal decanter I highly advise that you use it only for the evening and from there pour the remainder back into the bottle.
DO NOT use these for long term storage of wine unless you have a fond desire of drooling on yourself while clapping your hands…
Unfiltered Wine
March 12, 2008
Does unfiltered wine have a better taste than wines that have been fined? - Lee in Missoula, MT
Instead of producing unfiltered wines, these days many large scale labels will run their wines through a very fine filter to remove the sediment and particles that could give it a foggy appearance. Still there are a lot of small wineries that believe this process may strip the wine of it’s character and unique flavors.
Because of this they rely on other processes such as cold stabilization or racking to remove these particles. Keep in mind that unfiltered wines or wines that have been left unfined may have a small amount of sediment in the bottle.
The appearance might not be as clear but these wines are certainly as good as and most likely even better than what the large wineries produce. When looking at the bottle, don’t worry if you were to notice a small amount of sediment at the bottom. This is not something that can make you sick but it’s not too fun drinking it either.
Wines are sometimes labeled unfined to point out the fact that they should be more flavorful. Who doesn’t enjoy a good tasty mouthful of something rare and special every now again?
Decanting Wine
March 3, 2008
How do you go about the process of decanting wine and does this relate to wine aeration? - Cassie in Fairbanks, AK
Cassie, you are right. Decanting wine does help with allowing it to breathe which is known as wine aeration or to aerate wine but the main focus is to actually help with removing the sediment that gets stirred up when you pour a glass. Long ago, before wines were routinely filtered, it was pretty common for wines that were poured from barrels and bottles to contain a fair amount of solid matter which is also known as wine lees.
When you decant wine, the process lets this sediment settle down to the bottom of the decanter and allows the wine to clear which of course affects the over all taste and experience. You can use a proper wine decanter but all you really need is a simple carafe together with a suitable source of light. A small candle will do or even small butane torch will suffice also.
First, remove the entire capsule from around the neck of the bottle. This is important as will you need to have a clear view into the neck of the bottle when you are pouring it into the decanter. This allows you to observe the sediment that is and you should position your light source in a way so that it is shining through the neck from behind.
With a smooth and steady action, pour the wine into the decanter. Don’t rush when decanting, take time to observe what you are doing so you avoid disturbing the sediment in the wine. Being patient allows you to see the arrowhead of this sediment moving into the neck of the bottle. Once you see begin to see this happen you should stop pouring.
If you have done this correctly you should have a full decanter of clear wine, with just half a glass or so of sediment-laden wine remaining. So basically you have accomplished two things being that you have helped clarify the wine while enabling it the wine aeration process to occur. There you go Cassie, enjoy and remember to have a few glasses for me.
The Amount of Alcohol in Wine
February 29, 2008
I have often wondered about the amount of alcohol in wine. Would you be able to clarify this for me? Thank you. - Christi in Indianapolis, IN
Christi, this is something that actually depends on what kind of wine you are fond of drinking and many other factors combined. I’ll explain. Alcohol in wine is as important an element in the final product as the grape itself. It doesn’t just effect how you feel after drinking it but it also the taste, aroma and also the mouthfeel of a wine and I want to mention that its very important to pay attention to how a wine feels in your mouth, especially for wine virgins.
The alcohol content in wine is measured as a percentage vs. proof, which is how alcohol is measured in hard liquor. In the U.S., if the wine is labeled as a “Table Wine” then it has to have less than 14% alcohol by volume. The law also permits a 1.5% leeway. If a label says 12.5% alcohol by volume, it can actually be as high as 14% or as low as 11%. In the U.S., if a label simply says “Table Wine” then the alcohol content is between 11% and 14%.
For most grapes, after the wine fermentation process has taken place, the amount of alcohol in wine by volume is around 8% on the low end, and 14% on the high end. Today the alcohol in wine can be much higher, especially in hot climates like Australia. And, with new wine growing techniques, and better controls in the winemaking process it is not unusual to see wine over 15% or more in alcohol.
A quick list is provided below about the different varieties and alcohol content in wine.
Table wine: 8 – 14%
Sparkling wine: 8 – 12%
Fortified wine: 17 – 22%
Christi, go ahead and remember this the next time you’re out. You now have the info you need to decide exactly how much fun you are really going to have. Be careful though, you might be surprised at the kick a simple table wine can provide.
Are Sulfites in Wine Dangerous?
February 28, 2008
I’ve heard that sulfites in wine can be potentially dangerous, why would I want to continue drinking wine if this chemical is purposely added in? Anna - Kansas City, KS
Come on, that really can’t be your reason for not tipping back a glass, is it? What is there to do in Kansas City besides drink? I promise that you will not turn into a lush if you have a glass every now and again. So don’t be paranoid, here are the facts on sulfites in wine. Believe it or not all wines contain at least some small amount of sulfites and among other things; they are found on grapes, onions, garlic, and many other common plants and vegetables that make up our diet. No wine can ever be sulfite free, even if they have not been added during the wine fermentation process.
However, wine sulfites are a problem for some drinkers and can lead to serious headaches for those who do have sensitivity to it. For people who do have an allergy, the average level of sulfites in wine can cause heartburns or other side effects. Unpleasant reactions include burning sensations, hives, cramps, and flushing of the skin. For these people, organic wines are an especially good choice since they contain minimal amounts that will in most cases lie below their threshold level.
Makers of wine have been putting additional sulfites in wine for ages. This is because sulfur dioxide (SO2) is used to keep freshly pressed juice from spoiling. The good thing is that modern technology has allowed for the reduction in the amount of sulfur than what was used in the past but some is absolutely necessary to make a stable wine. If you didn’t add sulfites, the wine would turn into vinegar in a matter of months. Not only does sulfur dioxide prevent the growth of bacteria, but it also stops oxidation and helps to preserves the wine’s natural flavor.
Regulations in the United States require that domestic and imported wines carry warning labels if they have sulfites in wine in excess of 10 parts per million. Wines that have less than 10 parts per million are not required to carry the “Contains Sulfites” label but they still contain sulfites in some level.
Truly, sulfites in wine are going to be there regardless, but if you’ve never had an allergic reaction like the ones stated above then you really have nothing to worry about. There are a ton of misconceptions out there about this much slandered drink and this is why I am passionate about delivering the facts to wine virgins so you know exactly what you are pouring down your throat. Now get out to the bar or go pick up a bottle and drink to your health Anna. Cheers!!